157 research outputs found

    Konzepte der Anwendungsentwicklung fĂŒr und mit Multi-Touch

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    Mit dem Aufkommen natĂŒrlicher Benutzerschnittstellen zum Erreichen einer möglichst intuitiven Interaktion mit Computern wird auch ĂŒber die Bedeutung der Gestaltungsaspekte LOOK und FEEL der darzustellenden BenutzeroberflĂ€chen neu verhandelt. Dies bedeutet fĂŒr den Entwurf und die Entwicklung neuer Anwendungen, die bisherigen Vorgehensmodelle, Werkzeuge und Interaktionen zu ĂŒberdenken und hinsichtlich der neuen Herausforderungen zu ĂŒberprĂŒfen. Als Leitmotiv der vorliegenden Arbeit dient der Ansatz: Ähnliches wird durch Ähnliches entwickelt, der sich am Beispielfall der Multi-Touch-Technologie konkret mit dem Forschungsraum der natĂŒrlichen Benutzerschnittstellen auseinandersetzt. Anhand der drei aufeinander aufbauenden Aspekte Modell, Werkzeug und Interaktion wird die besondere Stellung des FEELs betont und diskutiert. Die Arbeit konzentriert sich dabei besonders auf die Phase des Prototypings, in der neue Ideen entworfen und spĂ€ter (weiter-) entwickelt werden. Die Arbeit nĂ€hert sich dabei dem Thema schrittweise an, vom Abstrakten hin zum Konkreten. Hierzu wird zunĂ€chst ein neu entwickeltes Vorgehensmodell vorgestellt, um auf die Besonderheiten des FEELs im Entwicklungsprozess natĂŒrlicher Benutzerschnittstellen eingehen zu können. Das Modell verbindet AnsĂ€tze agiler und klassischer Modelle, wobei die Iteration und die Entwicklung von Prototypen eine besondere Stellung einnehmen. Ausgehend vom neu vorgestellten Modell werden zwei Einsatzbereiche abgeleitet, die entsprechend des Leitmotivs der Arbeit mit zu konzipierenden Multi-Touch-Werkzeugen besetzt werden. Dabei wird besonderer Wert darauf gelegt, den Entwickler in die Rolle des Nutzers zu versetzen, indem die beiden AktivitĂ€ten Umsetzung und Evaluation am selben GerĂ€t stattfinden und fließend ineinander ĂŒbergehen. WĂ€hrend das fĂŒr den Entwurf erstellte Konzept TIQUID die Nachbildung von Verhalten und AbhĂ€ngigkeiten mittels gestengesteuerter Animation ermöglicht, stellt das Konzept LIQUID dem Entwickler eine visuelle Programmiersprache zur Umsetzung des FEELs zur VerfĂŒgung. Die Bewertungen der beiden Werkzeuge erfolgte durch drei unabhĂ€ngige Anwendungstests, welche die Einordnung im Entwicklungsprozess, den Vergleich mit alternativen Werkzeugen sowie die bevorzugte Interaktionsart untersuchten. Die Resultate der Evaluationen zeigen, dass die vorab gesteckten Zielstellungen einer einfachen Verwendung, der schnellen und umgehenden Darstellung des FEELs sowie die gute Bedienbarkeit mittels der Multi-Touch-Eingabe erfĂŒllt und ĂŒbertroffen werden konnten. Den Abschluss der Arbeit bildet die konkrete Auseinandersetzung mit der Multi-Touch-Interaktion, die fĂŒr Entwickler und Nutzer die Schnittstelle zum FEEL der Anwendung ist. Die bisher auf die mittels BerĂŒhrung beschrĂ€nkte Interaktion mit dem Multi-Touch-GerĂ€t wird im letzten Abschnitt der Arbeit mit Hilfe eines neuartigen Ansatzes um einen rĂ€umlichen Aspekt erweitert. Aus dieser Position heraus ergeben sich weitere Sichtweisen, die einen neuen Aspekt zum VerstĂ€ndnis von nutzerorientierten AktivitĂ€ten beitragen. Diese, anhand einer technischen Umsetzung erprobte Vision neuer Interaktionskonzepte dient als Ansporn und Ausgangspunkt zur zukĂŒnftigen Erweiterung des zuvor entwickelten Vorgehensmodells und der konzipierten Werkzeuge. Der mit dieser Arbeit erreichte Stand bietet einen gesicherten Ausgangspunkt fĂŒr die weitere Untersuchung des Fachgebietes natĂŒrlicher Benutzerschnittstellen. Neben zahlreichen AnsĂ€tzen, die zur vertiefenden Erforschung motivieren, bietet die Arbeit mit den sehr konkreten Umsetzungen TIQUID und LIQUID sowie der Erweiterung des Interaktionsraumes Schnittstellen an, um die erzielten Forschungsergebnisse in die Praxis zu ĂŒbertragen. Eine fortfĂŒhrende Untersuchung des Forschungsraumes mit Hilfe alternativer AnsĂ€tze ist dabei ebenso denkbar wie der Einsatz einer zu Multi-Touch alternativen Eingabetechnologie

    Wo ist das GefĂŒhl?: Auf das Aussehen fokussierte Gestaltung interaktiver Anwendungen fim frĂŒhen Entwicklungsprozess

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    "Das Programm sieht ja nicht nur gut aus, es macht auch genau das was ich will!" - solche oder Ă€hnliche Aussagen liest man oft, wenn Software-Programme von Anwendern beurteilt werden. Was Nutzer damit beschreiben ist weitestgehend als Look & Feel einer Anwendung bekannt. Der Begriff Look bezieht sich dabei auf die visuellen Bestandteile der Anwendung, wie die genutzten Medienelemente und deren Layout. Das Themenfeld Feel umfasst das interaktive Verhalten einer Anwendung, die auf Eingaben des Nutzers reagiert (Feedback) oder bereits vorher Hinweise auf die eigene Verwendbarkeit gibt (Feed-Forward). Allgemein gilt, je interaktiver eine Anwendung, desto wichtiger ist das "GefĂŒhl" im Look & Feel. Als Beispiel dienen die sogenannten natĂŒrlichen Benutzerschnittstellen (NUI), wie die sich in den letzten Jahren enorm verbreitende Form des Multi-Touches. Bei dieser interagiert der Nutzer direkt mit der Anwendung ohne separate EingabegerĂ€te als Vermittler seiner Aktionen. Eine weitere Charakteristik dieser Benutzerschnittstellen ist deren intuitive Verwendbarkeit. Dies bedeutet, dass sich wĂ€hrend der Interaktion mit den Programmen deren Strukturen und Funktionen von selbst erschließen. Um dies zu gewĂ€hrleisten ist die sorgsame Gestaltung des Feels von Beginn der Entwicklung an bedeutsam. Umso ĂŒberraschender ist das Ergebnis unseres Vergleichs aktueller Prototyping-Werkzeuge fĂŒr BenutzeroberflĂ€chen, die den Aspekt Feel oftmals nicht oder nur unzureichend berĂŒcksichtigen und stattdessen das Aussehen (Look) einer Anwendung fokussieren. In unserer kĂŒrzlich erschienenen Arbeit "Look without Feel - A Basal Gap in the Multi-Touch Prototyping Process", die wir auf der Konferenz "Mensch und Computer 2013" in Bremen prĂ€sentierten und die mit dem Honorable Mention Paper Award ausgezeichnet wurde, untersuchten wir diesen Sachverhalt fĂŒr den Prototyping-Prozess von Multi-Touch Anwendungen genauer

    Individuals with currently untreated mental illness: causal beliefs and readiness to seek help

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    Aims. Many people with mental illness do not seek professional help. Beliefs about the causes of their current health problem seem relevant for initiating treatment. Our aim was to find out to what extent the perceived causes of current untreated mental health problems determine whether a person considers herself/himself as having a mental illness, perceives need for professional help and plans to seek help in the near future. Methods. In a cross-sectional study, we examined 207 untreated persons with a depressive syndrome, all fulfilling criteria for a current mental illness as confirmed with a structured diagnostic interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview). The sample was recruited in the community using adverts, flyers and social media. We elicited causal explanations for the present problem, depression literacy, self-identification as having a mental illness, perceived need for professional help, help-seeking intentions, severity of depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire – Depression), and whether respondents had previously sought mental healthcare. Results. Most participants fulfilled diagnostic criteria for a mood disorder (n = 181, 87.4%) and/or neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (n = 120, 58.0%) according to the ICD-10. N = 94 (45.4%) participants had never received mental health treatment previously. Exploratory factor analysis of a list of 25 different causal explanations resulted in five factors: biomedical causes, person-related causes, childhood trauma, current stress and unhealthy behaviour. Attributing the present problem to biomedical causes, person-related causes, childhood trauma and stress were all associated with stronger self-identification as having a mental illness. In persons who had never received mental health treatment previously, attribution to biomedical causes was related to greater perceived need and stronger help-seeking intentions. In those with treatment experience, lower attribution to person-related causes and stress were related to greater perceived need for professional help. Conclusions. While several causal explanations are associated with self-identification as having a mental illness, only biomedical attributions seem to be related to increase perceived need and help-seeking intentions, especially in individuals with no treatment experiences. Longitudinal studies investigating causal beliefs and help-seeking are needed to find out how causal attributions guide help-seeking behaviour. From this study it seems possible that portraying professional mental health treatment as not being restricted to biomedical problems would contribute to closing the treatment gap for mental disorders

    Performance Evaluation - Annual Report Year 3

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    This report describes the work done and results obtained in third year of the CATNETS project. Experiments carried out with the different configurations of the prototype are reported and simulation results are evaluated with the CATNETS metrics framework. The applicability of the Catallactic approach as market model for service and resource allocation in application layer networks is assessed based on the results and experience gained both from the prototype development and simulations. --Grid Computing

    Transcatheter aortic valve resection: new mechanical devices

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    Background To improve periprocedural outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), transcatheter mechanical resection devices were tested for prior ablation of the aortic cusps. Methods Three mechanical transcatheter resection devices were tested in a series of native porcine (n=30) and reassembled calcified human valves (n=54). The resection time, the resected valve area, the number of released cusps, and the degree of surrounding tissue damage were measured. Afterwards, postmortem transapical-transcatheter-resections of the aortic valve in two humans were performed. Results In the native porcine hearts, the Aesculap II device demonstrated significantly shorter resection time compared to the R&R II and the Randstad devices (6.5±2.0 vs. 28.6±24.1 vs. 23.3±14.4 sec; P=0.001). However, it created more lesions in the surrounding tissue (P=0.002). The R&R II achieved a smaller number of resected cusps than the other two devices (2.7±0.7 vs. 1.1±0.7 vs. 2.4±0.5; P<0.001, respectively). It also resected a smaller area of the aortic valve (306.5±149.2 vs. 106.7±29.6 vs. 256.8±81.3 mm2; P=0.09) but a larger mean area of the resected fragments (110.3±41.5 vs. 160.7±29.6 vs. 111.5±43.9 mm2; P=0.01). The resection of the reassembled human valves demonstrated the same results between the devices regarding resection time (P=0.001) and resected area (P=0.016), but not fragment sizes (P=0.610). Finally, transapical-transcatheter-resection of aortic valve was performed in two cadavers. Conclusions Transcatheter aortic valve resection is feasible with variable aortic leaflet resection times and mild risk of lesions of the surrounding tissue

    Validity and psychometric properties of the self-identification as having a mental illness scale (SELF-I) among currently untreated persons with mental health problems

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    Conceptualizing own symptoms as potential signs of a mental illness is an important, yet underresearched step towards appropriate help. Few validated measures address recognition and identification of own mental illness. Aim of this study is to investigate performance and correlates of the ‘Self-Identification as Having a Mental Illness’ scale (SELF-I) in a group of 229 currently untreated individuals with mental health problems, predominantly depression. Measures included: self-identification with having a mental illness (SELF-I), depressive and somatic symptom severity (PHQ-9 and PHQ-15), illness perceptions (B-IPQ-R-C), and sociodemographic variables. Principal-component analysis revealed in a unidimensional factor structure. The SELFI showed good reliability in terms of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha, 0.85-0.87) and retest reliability over three months (Intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.74). Associations with depressive symptoms, previous treatment experiences and self-labelling demonstrated construct and criterion validity. Low associations with somatic symptoms and with illness-perceptions as measured by the B-IPQ-R-C indicated discriminant validity. We did not observe any floor or ceiling effects. The SELF-I scale is a brief, unidimensional and reliable measure of selfidentification as having a mental illness that offers useful research perspectives

    Improvement of renal function after transcatheter aortic valve replacement and its impact on survival

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    Background Chronic kidney disease as well as acute kidney injury are associated with adverse outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, little is known about the prognostic implications of an improvement in renal function after TAVR. Methods Renal improvement (RI) was defined as a decrease in postprocedural creatinine in ÎŒmol/l of ≄1% compared to its preprocedural baseline value. A propensity score representing the likelihood of RI was calculated to define patient groups which were comparable regarding potential confounders (age, sex, BMI, NYHA classification, STS score, log. EuroSCORE, history of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter, pulmonary disease, previous stroke, CRP, creatinine, hsTNT and NT-proBNP). The cohort was stratified into 5 quintiles according to this propensity score and the survival time after TAVR was compared within each subgroup. Results Patients in quintile 5 (n = 93) had the highest likelihood for RI. They were characterized by higher creatinine, lower eGFR, higher NYHA class, higher NT-proBNP, being mostly female and having shorter overall survival time. Within quintile 5, patients without RI had significantly shorter survival compared to patients with RI (p = 0.002, HR = 0.32, 95% CI = [0.15-0.69]). There was no survival time difference between patients with and without RI in the whole cohort (p = 0.12) and in quintiles 1 to 4 (all p > 0.16). Analyses of specific subgroups showed that among patients with NYHA class IV, those with RI also had a significant survival time benefit (p < 0.001, HR = 0.15; 95%-CI = [0.05-0.44]) compared to patients without RI. Conclusions We here describe a propensity score-derived specific subgroup of patients in which RI after TAVR correlated with a significant survival benefit

    Performance evaluation - annual report year 3

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    This report describes the work done and results obtained in third year of the CATNETS project. Experiments carried out with the different configurations of the prototype are reported and simulation results are evaluated with the CATNETS metrics framework. The applicability of the Catallactic approach as market model for service and resource allocation in application layer networks is assessed based on the results and experience gained both from the prototype development and simulations

    Stigma as a barrier to recognizing personal mental illness and seeking help: a prospective study among untreated persons with mental illness

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    Background: It is unclear to what extent failure to recognize symptoms as potential sign of a mental illness is impeding service use, and how stigmatizing attitudes interfere with this process. Methods: In a prospective study, we followed a community sample of 188 currently untreated persons with mental illness (predominantly depression) over 6 months. We examined how lack of knowledge, prejudice and discrimination impacted on self-identification as having a mental illness, perceived need, intention to seek help, and help-seeking, both with respect to primary care (visiting a general practitioner, GP) and specialist care (seeing a mental health professional, MHP). Results: 67% sought professional help within 6 months. Fully saturated path models accounting for baseline depressive symptoms, previous treatment experience, age and gender showed that self-identification predicted need (beta 0.32, p<0.001), and need predicted intention (GP: beta 0.45, p<0.001; MHP: beta 0.38, p<0.001). Intention predicted service use with a MHP after 6 months (beta 0.31, p<0.01; GP: beta 0.17, p=0.093). More knowledge was associated with more self-identification (beta 0.21, p<0.01), while support for discrimination was associated with lower self-identification (beta -0.14, p<0.05). Blaming persons with mental illness for their problem was associated with lower perceived need (beta -0.16, p<0.05). Our models explained 37% of the variance of seeking help with a MHP, and 33% of help-seeking with a GP. Conclusions: Recognizing one’s own mental illness and perceiving a need for help are impaired by lack of knowledge, prejudice, and discrimination. Self-identification is a relevant first step when seeking help for mental disorders
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